Vertical shaft sand making machine, also known as vertical shaft impact crusher, is a kind of equipment widely used in the fields of ore fine crushing, artificial sand making, etc. The following is a detailed introduction about it:
Working principle
Stone hitting stone principle: the material falls vertically from the upper part of the machine into the high-speed rotating impeller. Under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, it collides and crushes with another part of the material that is diverted around the impeller in an umbrella-shaped form. After the materials collide with each other, they will form a vortex between the impeller and the casing to collide and rub against each other many times and crush, and then be discharged directly from the bottom to form a closed circuit multiple cycles1.
Stone hitting iron principle: ore particles smaller than 50mm enter the sand making machine from the feed port, enter the high-speed rotating rotor through the distributor, are accelerated and thrown out, hit the peripheral guard plate, and then rebounded back to the center material curtain. In this process, the ore collides with the liner, ore collides with ore, and collides and rubs against each other to achieve the effect of crushing and sand making.
Structural composition
Feeding device: located at the top of the equipment, used to evenly feed the material to be crushed into the sand making machine. Common methods include center feeding and waterfall feeding.
Impeller: It is a key component of the vertical shaft sand making machine. It is usually composed of multiple blades and installed on the main shaft. It rotates at high speed under the drive of the motor, so that the material entering the impeller obtains huge centrifugal force and is thrown out.
Distribution cone: located below the feed port, it can evenly distribute the incoming material to the impeller and the surrounding crushing chamber to ensure the uniform distribution of the material in the crushing chamber and improve the crushing efficiency.
Crushing chamber: It is composed of impeller, peripheral guard plate, impact plate, etc. It is the main place for material crushing. After multiple impacts, friction, etc. in the crushing chamber, the material is gradually crushed into the required particle size.
Transmission device: It is generally composed of motor, coupling, pulley, etc., which is used to transmit the power of the motor to the impeller, so that the impeller rotates at high speed to achieve material crushing.
Performance characteristics
High crushing efficiency: The vertical shaft sand making machine uses a high-speed rotating impeller to accelerate the material to throw it out, so that the materials collide with each other or with the wall of the crushing chamber at high speed, with a large crushing ratio, which can effectively improve the crushing efficiency and have a large processing capacity1.
Good product particle shape: Through the crushing method of stone hitting stone or stone hitting iron, the material is subjected to impact and friction during the crushing process, rather than the extrusion and shearing action of the traditional crusher. Therefore, the product produced is cubic in shape, with extremely low needle-like content, uniform particle size, and reasonable grading, which can meet the needs of high-quality construction sand and other fields14.
Low wear: The impeller and crushing chamber of the equipment are made of high-hardness and high-wear-resistant materials, such as alloy wear-resistant steel, tungsten carbide, etc. At the same time, the principle of stone hitting stone is used, and the impact and friction of the material itself replace the wear of some metal parts, reducing the wear of the equipment and extending the service life of the equipment13.
Energy saving and environmental protection: The vertical shaft sand making machine runs smoothly and has low working noise. At the same time, due to its high crushing efficiency and relatively low energy consumption, it can effectively reduce production costs and meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection13.
Wide range of applications: It can handle ores and rocks of various hardness, such as granite, basalt, river pebbles, limestone, etc. It can also adapt to materials with different humidity and viscosity. It can also crush materials with a water content of about 8% normally, and it is not easy to get blocked134.
Application field 1
Construction industry: It is used to produce construction aggregates, such as sand and gravel for concrete, to provide high-quality raw materials for construction projects, and can effectively improve the strength and durability of concrete.
Road construction: It can crush various ores into materials suitable for road pavement, such as base materials, asphalt concrete aggregates, etc., to improve the bearing capacity and service life of roads.
Mining field: In mining, it is used for fine crushing and coarse grinding of ores, to provide materials of suitable particle size for subsequent mineral processing, grinding and other processes, and to improve mineral processing efficiency.
Chemical industry: It is used to crush various chemical raw materials, such as limestone, gypsum, coal gangue, etc., to provide qualified raw materials for the production of chemical products.
Water conservancy and hydropower engineering: In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, it can be used to produce sand, stone, etc. for hydraulic concrete to meet the construction needs of hydraulic structures such as dams and canals.
Precautions
Installation and commissioning: During installation, ensure that the equipment foundation is firm, the components are tightly connected, and the transmission device is installed correctly. During the commissioning process, check the operating conditions of the equipment, such as the rotation direction of the impeller, the vibration of each component, the working status of the lubrication system and the cooling system, etc., and make timely adjustments if problems are found1.
Operation and use: The operator should be familiar with the operating procedures of the equipment and operate in strict accordance with the operating procedures. Before starting the equipment, check whether each component is normal. When starting, start it with no load first, and then feed it after the equipment is running normally. The feeding should be uniform and continuous to avoid overload operation. During the operation of the equipment, pay close attention to the operating conditions of the equipment. If abnormal sounds, vibrations or excessive temperatures are found, stop the equipment immediately for inspection1.
Maintenance: Regularly perform maintenance on the equipment, including checking the wear of the equipment and promptly replacing severely worn parts such as impellers, peripheral guard plates, impact plates, etc.; checking the working conditions of the lubrication system and cooling system, and promptly adding or replacing lubricating oil and coolant; cleaning up the accumulated materials and dust inside the equipment, keeping the equipment clean, etc.
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