Detailed introduction of hammer crusher:
Working principle 1
Use high-speed rotating hammer to impact materials, so that they are crushed along the fragile parts such as natural cracks, bedding planes and joint planes. The motor drives the main shaft assembly to rotate at high speed, and the hammer hanging on the hammer shaft flips up and hits the materials under the action of centrifugal force, throwing the materials up, and the thrown materials hit the impact plate for stone-to-iron crushing. At the same time, the materials rebounded from the impact plate and the materials thrown up by the hammer hit each other, completing the stone-to-stone crushing. The materials smaller than the gap between the shed bars fall into the crushing chamber and continue to be crushed until they reach a certain particle size and are discharged from the sieve hole.
Basic structure 1
Frame: The casing consists of the lower body, the rear upper cover, the left wall and the right wall. The parts are connected into one with bolts. There is a feeding port on the upper part, and the inner wall of the casing is inlaid with a manganese steel lining. The lower body is directly placed on the concrete foundation and fixed with anchor bolts. The lower frame and the two side walls have inspection holes for easy maintenance, adjustment and replacement of parts.
Transmission: The motor directly drives the main shaft to rotate through the elastic coupling. The main shaft is installed in the bearing seats on both sides of the frame through spherical self-aligning roller bearings, and the bearings are lubricated regularly.
Rotor: It is the main working part, consisting of the main shaft and the hammer frame. The hammer heads are suspended in multiple rows between the hammer frames by pins on the hammer frame. To prevent axial movement, the two ends of the hammer frame are fixed with a clamping hammer disc and a locking nut. The rotor is supported on two rolling bearings. In addition, a flywheel is installed at one end of the main shaft to store kinetic energy.
Sieve plate: The arrangement is perpendicular to the direction of the hammer’s movement, and is in the shape of an arc with a certain gap from the rotor’s rotation radius. Qualified products can pass through the sieve plate gap, and materials larger than the sieve gap continue to be impacted and ground by the hammer on the sieve plate until they can pass through the sieve plate gap.
Support plate and liner plate: A manganese steel liner plate is installed on the inner wall of the frame, and the strike plate is assembled from the support plate and liner plate and other components. The support plate is welded with ordinary steel plates, and the liner plate is a high manganese steel casting. After assembly, it is mounted on the crusher frame with two shafts, and the feed angle can be adjusted.
Overload protection device: Generally, a safety copper sleeve is installed on the main shaft, and the pulley is sleeved on the copper sleeve. The copper sleeve and the pulley are connected with a safety pin. When metal objects enter the crusher or the load is overloaded, the pin is cut off to protect it.
Sealing dustproof device: Prevent dust, moisture, etc. from entering between the bearing and the relatively moving parts, and at the same time prevent the loss of lubricating oil, extend the service life of the rolling bearing and gear roller, and affect the working efficiency of the whole machine.
Basic Classification 1
Classification by the number of rotating shafts
Single-rotor hammer crusher: The structure is relatively simple, consisting of a casing, a rotor, grate bars, a striking plate and a bearing, etc., suitable for fine crushing of materials below medium hardness.
Double-rotor hammer crusher: It has two rotors and has a stronger processing capacity than a single rotor. It can crush the material more fully and produce a more uniform product size. It is often used in situations where the output and crushing effect are required to be high.
Classification by the number of rows of hammer heads
Single-row hammer crusher: It has only one row of hammer heads and a simple structure. It is suitable for processing materials with smaller particle size and lower hardness.
Multi-row hammer crusher: It has multiple rows of hammer heads and can strike and crush the material multiple times. It has a large crushing ratio and high production capacity. It can process materials with larger particle size and higher hardness.
Classification by rotor rotation direction
Irreversible hammer crusher: The rotor can only rotate in one direction, the structure is simple, the price is relatively low, but the hammer wears out quickly.
Reversible hammer crusher: The rotor can rotate in both directions. When the hammer on one side is worn, the rotor rotation direction can be switched and the hammer on the other side can continue to work, which extends the service life of the hammer.
Classification by the way the hammer is installed
Fixed hammer crusher: The hammer is fixed on the rotor and is only used for fine grinding of materials, such as a hammer mill.
Movable Hammer Crusher: The hammer head is movably mounted on the rotor by means of a pin shaft, etc. During the crushing process, the hammer head can swing freely, which can better adapt to the shape and hardness of the material and achieve better crushing effect.
Features
Advantages
Large crushing ratio: It can crush larger-sized materials to the required particle size at one time, which can reach 10-25, and some can reach 503.
High production capacity: large processing capacity, which can meet the needs of large-scale production1.
Uniform product particle size: the particle size of the material after crushing is relatively consistent, which is conducive to subsequent processing procedures4.
Simple structure: It is mainly composed of a frame, a transmission device, a rotor, a screen plate and other components, with low manufacturing and maintenance costs1.
Low energy consumption: The design adopts efficient crushing principle and power configuration to reduce energy loss.
Easy to operate: The degree of automation is high, and it can be remotely operated and monitored through the PLC control system, and it is easy to adjust the working parameters.
Disadvantages
Easy to wear: The hammer head, screen bars and other working parts frequently contact with the material during the crushing process, wear quickly, and need to be replaced frequently, which increases metal consumption and maintenance time3.
Easy to clog: The screen bars or screen holes are easy to clog, especially when crushing materials with high humidity and clay, which will cause a significant decrease in production capacity3.
Material restrictions: It is not suitable for crushing materials with extremely high hardness, otherwise it will aggravate equipment wear and reduce equipment life5.
Application areas
Building materials industry: used for crushing raw materials such as limestone, shale, coal gangue, etc., and producing building materials such as cement, bricks, sand and gravel.
Chemical industry: It can crush chemical raw materials such as gypsum and salt to meet the particle size requirements in chemical production3.
Power industry: It is used to crush coal and make it into coal powder of suitable particle size so that it can be burned in boilers to generate electricity4. Mining industry: suitable for crushing iron ore, quartz stone, granite and other ores, providing qualified raw materials for subsequent mineral processing, smelting and other processes4.
Waste treatment industry: can be used to crush bricks, tiles, wood and other materials in construction waste and domestic waste to achieve resource recycling and reduction.
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